Erikson's Theory

Developed by German-American psychologist Erik Erikson in the mid-20th century, this theory reflects on the importance of the different stages of life we all go through.

Understanding these stages can help you:

• Reflect on past experiences by revisiting unresolved conflicts from earlier stages that will provide insights for personal growth.

• Prepare for future challenges by anticipating upcoming stages and proactively address potential issues.

According to Erikson every phase can be linked to a certain virtue which is developed during that stage.

Let's find out how the phases are stated!

Let's delve into the past to swim toward the future.

(0-18 months) 

Trust vs. Mistrust

This is where infants learn to trust or mistrust their caregivers based on the consistency and quality of care they receive.

Successfully navigating this stage results in the virtue of hope.

(18 months-3 years)  

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

This is where toddlers begin to assert their independence, learning to perform basic tasks on their own.

Supportive environments foster a sense of autonomy, while overly critical or controlling environments may lead to shame and doubt.

Successfully navigating this stage results in the virtue of (good) will.

(3-5 years) 

Initiative vs. Guilt

This is where preschoolers explore their world more freely, taking initiative in activities and social interactions.

Balancing this newfound freedom with appropriate boundaries helps children develop a sense of purpose.

Successfully navigating this stage results in the virtue of purpose.

(5-12 years)

Industry vs. Inferiority

This is where school-aged children focus on developing competence in various skills.

Success breeds a sense of industry, while failure may lead to feelings of inferiority. 

Successfully navigating this stage results in the virtue of competence.

(12-18 years)

Identity vs. Role Confusion

This is where young adolescents grapple with questions of identity, exploring different roles and beliefs.

This stage is crucial for developing a coherent sense of self.

Successfully navigating this stage results in the virtue of fidelity and devotion.

(18-40 years)

Intimacy vs. Isolation

This is where young adults seek to form intimate relationships.

Success leads to strong bonds, while failure may result in feelings of isolation.

Successfully navigating this stage results in the virtue of love.

(40-65 years)

Generativity vs. Stagnation

This is where middle-aged adults focus on contributing to society and nurturing the next generation.

This stage is characterized by a desire to leave a lasting impact.

Successfully navigating this stage results in the virtue of care.

(65+ years)

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

This is where older adults reflect on their lives.

Those who feel satisfied with their accomplishments experience ego integrity, while those with regrets may fall into despair.

Successfully navigating this stage results in the virtue of wisdom.